Most birding Field Guides include a map of what is called 'distribution' for a bird species. Distribution refers to the range of a species and where it is generally found. The distribution map often uses different colors or patterns to depict the breeding areas, winter ranges, and migration areas. By looking at a regional Field Guide, you can often determine whether a sighting you made it within the normal range of the bird. They can also help you determine what you can expect to see.
Distribution Maps may vary widely in their accuracy because of the way information regarding species fluctuates. Like everything else in printed form, it's only as good as the most recent known information on the species. Changes in distribution may occur for two reasons.
Sometimes, environmental factors cause the species to change its distribution patterns. Other times, the change in distribution is simply a change in our understanding of the patterns of the bird as more varied sightings are made.
Add to this is the nature of some species, such as owls. Their nocturnal and secretive nature makes it difficult to know their precise ranges. As birding becomes a more popular pastime, we can expect more information to be discovered about the distribution pattern
Distribution and the constant knowledge of it, can help raise alerts and request conversation plans for species in stress. All in all, it's important to have the most current information on distribution in order to make effective sightings.